SCB204   Fund Human Bio II   Dr. M. Gottlieb   Fall 2, 2009   Lecture Syllabus   www.ipsidipsi.com, scroll down to SCB204 and click for the latest information regarding the course lectures. This syllabus is subject to revision. Textbook: Human Anatomy & Physiology by Elaine N. Marieb & Katja Hoehn, 7^th Edition. Dr. Gottlieb's email address is: gottliebmi@lagcc.cuny.edu. His office is E300Z.

1

Jan 5 Mon

Chapter 11

I. How is the NS like a computer? II. To whom does a neuron “talk?” III. What is the “message” that a neuron transmits? IV. What is the transmembrane potential? (intracellular vs extracellular, channels, and pumps) V. What is the purpose of the Na+/K pump? VI. What is the action potential? (depolarization to threshold) VII. What happens at the synapse? (receptors) VIII. Why are Na+, K+, and Ca++ so important in nervous transmission?

2

Jan 7 Wed

Quiz 1

I. The other cells in nervous tissue: glia (oligodendroglia, astroglia, ependyma, microglia, Schwann cells, satellite cells). II. How are oligodendroglia and Schwann cells involved in nervous conduction? (myelination in normal development & disease, demyelination diseases) III. What determines the speed of an action potential? IV. How can a graph be used to describe the relationship between degree of myelination and action potential velocity? V. What do glia cells have to do with regeneration in the NS?

3

Jan 9 Fri

I. What are neurotransmitters? II. What are receptors? III. How do neurotransmitters affect other cells? (ionotropic vs metabotropic) (excitatory vs inhibitory synapses) IV. How are neurotransmitters cleared from the synaptic cleft? V. What is meant by up-regulation & down-regulation of receptors? VI. What are EPSPs & IPSPs? (temporal & spatial integration) VII. What role do local, graded, decremental potentials play in the generation of an action potential? VIII. How does an action potential differ from a local, graded, decremental potential? IX. What is depolarization, hyperpolarization, hypopolarization, & repolarization? X. What are some simple neuronal circuits? XI. Reductionism & emergent properties.

4

Jan 12 Mon

Quiz 2

Chapter 12

What do you see when you crack open the skull & vertebral column? I. The 7 gross structures (cerebral hemispheres, diencephalon (thalamus + hypothalamus), brainstem (midbrain, pons, medulla), cerebellum, and spinal cord). II. The fluid (CSF) filled ventricles, III. The three connective tissue meninges. IV. The distribution of gray mater & white matter (cortex, subcortical nuclei, nuclei in general, tracts in general: projection, association, commissural, decussating).

5

Jan 14 Wed

V. The 6 lobes of the brain. VI. Phrenology & 52 Brodmann areas (The relation of structures & functions). VII. How do we learn about localization of function? (lesion, stimulation, scans, experiments of nature) III. Motor cortex, somatosensory cortex, visual cortex, auditory cortex, Broca's area, Wernike's area, olfactory cortex, limbic "system" cortex. IX. The motor & sensory homunculi X. Lateralization, dominance, and gender differences. XI. Mapping in general (brain topology).

The protection of the brain: I. BBB, II. Meninges, III. CSF, IV. Redundant blood supply (Circle of Willis), V. Skull, VI. B-CSS barrier.

Brain function: I. The EEG, II. Arousal (RAS), III. Limbic "system," IV. Sleep (REM & NREM), V. Language cortex. VI. Memory & memory consolidation.

6

Jan 16 Fri

Quiz 3

Chapter 13

The organization of the spinal cord. I. white vs gray matter, II. nuclei & tracts, III. 31 pairs of spinal nerves. IV. What do sensory receptors sense? V. The Special Senses, Somatosensation, Visceral Senses (baroreceptors, osmoreceptors, nociceptors, chemoreceptors, thermoreceptors, photoreceptors, mechanoreceptors, stretch, tension, proprioceptors). VI. The concept of receptive field. VII. How does sensory information get into the CNS? Afferent sensory pathways (dorsal column, spinothalamic, spinocerebellar). VIII. How does motor information get out of the CNS? Efferent motor pathways (corticobulbar & corticospinal). IX. Why does the right side of the CNS control the left side of the body and the left side of the CNS control the right side of the body? Decussations.

7

Jan 21 Wed

I. The simple stretch reflex, II. The Golgi tendon reflex, III. The withdrawal reflex, IV. The crossed extensor reflex.

I. Why are there 12 cranial nerves? II. Why is it important to know the names of the 12 cranial nerves in the human body? III.Which are somatic? Which are visceral? Which are sensory? Which are motor? Which have ganglia? Which have nuclei? Which have nerves? Which have tracts?

8

Jan 23 Fri

Quiz 4
454-470
Chapter 14

Autonomic division of NS: I. I see the bear! (the sympathetic division) II. The Couch-Potato (the parasympathetic division). III. The concept of dual innervation. IV. Two examples of a dual-innervation autonomic reflexes (control of pupil size and heart rate).

9

Jan 26 Mon

Chapter 15

Vision: I. How does the eye solve the problem of getting a clear image on the retina? II. What is the accommodation reflex in vision? III. Why do photoreceptors respond to light? IV. How does rod vision differ from cone vision? VI. What is meant by the receptive field of a cell? VII. How does visual information get into the brain? VIII. What is the evidence for a topographic map of visual space in visual structures? Audition: I. How does the movement of air particles give rise to the sensation of audition?

10

Jan 28 Wed

Quiz 5
475-484
491-498
519-527

Equilibrium. I. How do we sense gravity? II. How do we sense angular acceleration? Olfaction. Who we marry depends upon our sense of smell. Gustation. Que comida mas rica!

11

Jan 30 Fri

Chapter 16

The endocrine system is also a system for communication & coordination. I. What are hormones and how do they differ from enzymes and neurotransmitters? II. What are the hormone producing structures? III. What are the building blocks of hormones? IV. How do hormones affect cell function? V. What controls the amount of a hormone produced? (receptors, up & down regulation, negative feedback) VI. How is the nervous system connected to the endocrine system? VIII. How do the posterior & anterior pituitary differ with regard to hormones?.

12

Feb 2 Mon

Quiz 6

IX. The thyroid gland & adrenal gland: similarities & differences. X. The pancreas. XI. The effects of growth hormone. XII. Scattered neuroendocrine cells.

13

Feb 4 Wed

Chapter 23

Digestive system: I. The movement of food through the alimentary canal. II. Spinchters. III. Enzymatic digestion, IV. Secretions into the alimentary canal: Salivary, Liver + Gall bladder, Pancreas. V. Secretions of the alimentary canal. VI. Absorption of nutrients, VII. Where do the nutrients go? The hepatic portal system and lacteals, VIII. What's left? The reabsorption of water and the defecation reflex.

14

Feb 6 Fri

Quiz 7

Chapter 24

Nutrition. I. metabolism, catabolism, anabolism. II. Glycolysis. III. Hans Krebs. IV. Electron transport chain. V. Chemiosmosis. VII. Phosphorylation. VIII. The sponge is oxygen. IX. Gluconeogenesis. X. The absorptive state. XI. The post-absorptive state.

:15

Feb 9 Mon

Chapter 25

Urinary System. I. Should be drink our urine? II. The work of the kidney: Filtration, Reabsorption, & Secretion. III. Pumps, Channels, CoTransport & CounterTransport. V. The maintenance of blood pressure via the hormones ANP, renin, ADH, & aldosterone. VI. The micturition reflex. VII. How can we make an artificial kidney?

16

Feb 11 Wed

Quiz 8

Chapter 26

Fluid, Electrolyte, & Acid-Base Balance

17

Feb 13 Fri

Chapter 27

Reproductive System. I. What makes a man? II. What makes a female?

18

Feb 18 Wed

Quiz 9

Chapter 28

Embyrology. I. What happens to the fertilized ovum? II. Placentation III. The extraembryonic membranes. IV. Germ layers. V. Parturition.

Feb 20 Fri

Quiz 10

Final